The basic articulations:
- Flexion and Extension
- Abduction and Adduction
- Internal and External Rotation
The Shoulder CAR (controlled articular rotation):
- Start standing or elevated in a seated position
- Keeping the arm straight, externally rotate the shoulder to end-range while taking it into full adduction
- Maintaining end-range external rotation, move the shoulder into flexion
- Begin to internally rotate the shoulder moving into abduction
- Continue internally rotating while moving into end-range extension and holding full rotation
- Maintain rotation and take the arm along side the body
- Always express current end ranges
- Repeat again or in the opposite direction if desired